The tremendous growth in wireless and mobile communications has placed stringent requirements on channel spacing and, by implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. Compounding the challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior l/f noise performance has usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also highly desired in the digital world. The continued drive toward higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for ever-decreasing jitter. There is a need for a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the process by which device, substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise. Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however, and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively correct. The Design of Low Noise Oscillators offers a new time-variant phase noise model. By discarding the implicit assumption of time- invariance underlying many other approaches, this model is capable of making quantitative predictions of the phase noise and jitter of different types of oscillators. It is able to attribute a definite amount of phase noise to every noise source in the circuit. Because of its time-variant nature, the model also takes into account the effect of cyclostationary noise sources in a natural way. It details the precise mechanism by which low frequency noise, such as l/f noise, upconverts into close-in phase noise. An important new understanding is that rise and fall time symmetry controls such upconversion. More important, it suggests practical methods for suppressing this upconversion, so thatgood oscillators can be built in technologies with notoriously poor l/f noise performance (such as CMOS or GaAs MESFET). The Design of Low Noise Oscillators will be of interest to both analog and digital circuit as well as RF circuit designers.

Improving the performance of the power amplifier is the most pressing problem facing designers of modern radio-frequency (RF) transceivers. Linearity and power efficiency of the transmit path are of utmost importance, and the power amplifier has proven to be the bottleneck for both. High linearity enables transmission at the highest data rates for a given channel bandwidth, and power efficiency prolongs battery lifetime in portable units and reduces heat dissipation in high-power transmitters. Cartesian feedback is a power amplifier linearization technique that acts to soften the tradeoff between power efficiency and linearity in power amplifiers. Despite its compelling, fundamental advantages, the technique has not enjoyed widespread acceptance because of certain implementation difficulties.
Feedback Linearization of RF Power Amplifiers introduces new techniques for overcoming the challenges faced by the designer of a Cartesian feedback system. The theory of the new techniques are described and analyzed in detail. The book culminates with the results of the first known fully integrated Cartesian feedback power amplifier system, whose design was enabled by the techniques described.
Feedback Linearization of RF Power Amplifiers is a valuable reference work for engineers in the telecommunications industry, industry researchers, academic researchers.

There has been an increasing demand for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems in the past few years. New frequency bands are allocated and new standards are being developed to accommodate higher data rates. The fast trend of CMOS scaling has provided an opportunity for the development of low cost integrated WLAN systems. Frequency synthesizers are one of the main building blocks of wireless transceivers. The high frequency digital frequency dividers in a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer are among the most challenging blocks to design and usually account for a large percentage of the synthesizer total power dissipation. The successful design and integration of a high frequency PLL demands a comprehensive understanding of wireless systems, RF circuits, and loop stability issues. Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division starts with an overview of WLAN systems and reviews the WLAN market and standards. It then studies PLLs as an essential building block of WLAN receivers, and provides guidelines and engineering recipes for the design of loop filters in high frequency PLLs.Additionally, the book investigates different analog and digital frequency division techniques and introduces injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) as an alternative for conventional frequency dividers. Finally, the book demonstrates a successful design of a fully integrated CMOS frequency synthesizer for a 5 GHz WLAN receiver. Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division will be of interest to RF and high-speed analog circuit designers and students as well as wireless engineers.

The primary goal of The Design and Implementation of Low-Power CMOS Radio Receivers is to explore techniques for implementing wireless receivers in an inexpensive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Although the techniques developed apply somewhat generally across many classes of receivers, the specific focus of this work is on the Global Positioning System (GPS). Because GPS provides a convenient vehicle for examining CMOS receivers, a brief overview of the GPS system and its implications for consumer electronics is presented. The GPS system comprises 24 satellites in low earth orbit that continuously broadcast their position and local time. Through satellite range measurements, a receiver can determine its absolute position and time to within about 100m anywhere on Earth, as long as four satellites are within view. The deployment of this satellite network was completed in 1994 and, as a result, consumer markets for GPS navigation capabilities are beginning to blossom. Examples include automotive or maritime navigation, intelligent hand-off algorithms in cellular telephony, and cellular emergency services, to name a few.Of particular interest in the context of this book are embedded GPS applications where a GPS receiver is just one component of a larger system. Widespread proliferation of embedded GPS capability will require receivers that are compact, cheap and low-power. The Design and Implementation of Low-Power CMOS Radio Receivers will be of interest to professional radio engineers, circuit designers, professors and students engaged in integrated radio research and other researchers who work in the radio field.

The tremendous growth in wireless and mobile communications has placed stringent requirements on channel spacing and, by implication, on the phase noise of oscillators. Compounding the challenge has been a recent drive toward implementations of transceivers in CMOS, whose inferior l/f noise performance has usually been thought to disqualify it from use in all but the lowest-performance oscillators. Low noise oscillators are also highly desired in the digital world. The continued drive toward higher clock frequencies translates into a demand for ever-decreasing jitter. There is a need for a deep understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the process by which device, substrate, and supply noise turn into jitter and phase noise. Existing models generally offer only qualitative insights, however, and it has not always been clear why they are not quantitatively correct. The Design of Low Noise Oscillators offers a new time-variant phase noise model. By discarding the implicit assumption of time- invariance underlying many other approaches, this model is capable of making quantitative predictions of the phase noise and jitter of different types of oscillators.It is able to attribute a definite amount of phase noise to every noise source in the circuit. Because of its time-variant nature, the model also takes into account the effect of cyclostationary noise sources in a natural way. It details the precise mechanism by which low frequency noise, such as l/f noise, upconverts into close-in phase noise. An important new understanding is that rise and fall time symmetry controls such upconversion. More important, it suggests practical methods for suppressing this upconversion, so that good oscillators can be built in technologies with notoriously poor l/f noise performance (such as CMOS or GaAs MESFET). The Design of Low Noise Oscillators will be of interest to both analog and digital circuit as well as RF circuit designers.

The motivation for this book was the recognition by two of us (RL and TL) that, despite our training as cardiologists, we had a limited understand ing of many aspects of the surgical management of our patients. Conversa tions with other cardiologists at our own institution and at other medical centers around the country convinced us that many of our colleagues shared our uncertainty about the details of surgical procedures and the factors that determine decisions in the perioperative period. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, this knowledge gap can become only more severe. We therefore compiled information about cardiac surgery that might be useful for cardiologists and other nonsurgeons. We asked cardiologists what questions they would like to ask their surgical colleagues and provided these questions to the authors of the chapters. Thus, the goal of these chapters is to help nonsurgeons answer their own questions about common cardiac procedures, and to help prepare these physicians to address the questions raised by their patients. In addition, we hope that insight into these issues will improve communication between surgeons and their col leagues-and, ultimately, lead to better patient care. Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 Chapter 1. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery JONATHAN B. MARK Chapter 2. Cardiopulmonary Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 DANIEL FITZGERALD Chapter 3. Myocardial Protection in Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 JEFFREY SELL Chapter 4. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 HENDRICK B. BARNER Chapter 5. Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction: Aortic Valve Replacement and Myomectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."

Improving the performance of the power amplifier is the most pressing problem facing designers of modern radio-frequency (RF) transceivers. Linearity and power efficiency of the transmit path are of utmost importance, and the power amplifier has proven to be the bottleneck for both. High linearity enables transmission at the highest data rates for a given channel bandwidth, and power efficiency prolongs battery lifetime in portable units and reduces heat dissipation in high-power transmitters. Cartesian feedback is a power amplifier linearization technique that acts to soften the tradeoff between power efficiency and linearity in power amplifiers. Despite its compelling, fundamental advantages, the technique has not enjoyed widespread acceptance because of certain implementation difficulties.
Feedback Linearization of RF Power Amplifiers introduces new techniques for overcoming the challenges faced by the designer of a Cartesian feedback system. The theory of the new techniques are described and analyzed in detail. The book culminates with the results of the first known fully integrated Cartesian feedback power amplifier system, whose design was enabled by the techniques described.
Feedback Linearization of RF Power Amplifiers is a valuable reference work for engineers in the telecommunications industry, industry researchers, academic researchers.

There has been an increasing demand for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems in the past few years. New frequency bands are allocated and new standards are being developed to accommodate higher data rates. The fast trend of CMOS scaling has provided an opportunity for the development of low cost integrated WLAN systems. Frequency synthesizers are one of the main building blocks of wireless transceivers. The high frequency digital frequency dividers in a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer are among the most challenging blocks to design and usually account for a large percentage of the synthesizer total power dissipation. The successful design and integration of a high frequency PLL demands a comprehensive understanding of wireless systems, RF circuits, and loop stability issues. Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division starts with an overview of WLAN systems and reviews the WLAN market and standards. It then studies PLLs as an essential building block of WLAN receivers, and provides guidelines and engineering recipes for the design of loop filters in high frequency PLLs. Additionally, the book investigates different analog and digital frequency division techniques and introduces injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) as an alternative for conventional frequency dividers. Finally, the book demonstrates a successful design of a fully integrated CMOS frequency synthesizer for a 5 GHz WLAN receiver. Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division will be of interest to RF and high-speed analog circuit designers and students as well as wireless engineers.

The primary goal of The Design and Implementation of Low-Power CMOS Radio Receivers is to explore techniques for implementing wireless receivers in an inexpensive complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Although the techniques developed apply somewhat generally across many classes of receivers, the specific focus of this work is on the Global Positioning System (GPS). Because GPS provides a convenient vehicle for examining CMOS receivers, a brief overview of the GPS system and its implications for consumer electronics is presented. The GPS system comprises 24 satellites in low earth orbit that continuously broadcast their position and local time. Through satellite range measurements, a receiver can determine its absolute position and time to within about 100m anywhere on Earth, as long as four satellites are within view. The deployment of this satellite network was completed in 1994 and, as a result, consumer markets for GPS navigation capabilities are beginning to blossom. Examples include automotive or maritime navigation, intelligent hand-off algorithms in cellular telephony, and cellular emergency services, to name a few. Of particular interest in the context of this book are embedded GPS applications where a GPS receiver is just one component of a larger system. Widespread proliferation of embedded GPS capability will require receivers that are compact, cheap and low-power. The Design and Implementation of Low-Power CMOS Radio Receivers will be of interest to professional radio engineers, circuit designers, professors and students engaged in integrated radio research and other researchers who work in the radio field.

The motivation for this book was the recognition by two of us (RL and TL) that, despite our training as cardiologists, we had a limited understand ing of many aspects of the surgical management of our patients. Conversa tions with other cardiologists at our own institution and at other medical centers around the country convinced us that many of our colleagues shared our uncertainty about the details of surgical procedures and the factors that determine decisions in the perioperative period. As surgical techniques continue to evolve, this knowledge gap can become only more severe. We therefore compiled information about cardiac surgery that might be useful for cardiologists and other nonsurgeons. We asked cardiologists what questions they would like to ask their surgical colleagues and provided these questions to the authors of the chapters. Thus, the goal of these chapters is to help nonsurgeons answer their own questions about common cardiac procedures, and to help prepare these physicians to address the questions raised by their patients. In addition, we hope that insight into these issues will improve communication between surgeons and their col leagues-and, ultimately, lead to better patient care. Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 Chapter 1. Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery JONATHAN B. MARK Chapter 2. Cardiopulmonary Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 DANIEL FITZGERALD Chapter 3. Myocardial Protection in Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 JEFFREY SELL Chapter 4. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 HENDRICK B. BARNER Chapter 5. Surgery for Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction: Aortic Valve Replacement and Myomectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."

Help your team excel. Go from being a good practitioner to being an extraordinary leader of healthcare professionals. If you read nothing else on leadership, read these articles. We've combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles and selected the most important ones for healthcare leaders to help you and your team excel, maximize performance, and live into your mission. Leading experts, such as Thomas H. Lee, Daniel Goleman, Peter F. Drucker, John P. Kotter, and Amy C. Edmondson, provide the insights and advice you need to: Understand the difference between managers and leaders Motivate others to excel Create successful cross-functional teams on the fly Maintain your identity and values as a clinician as you move into an organizational leadership role Have an impact not only on your organization but on the surrounding system Work in complex environments where authority is diffuse Lead effectively in times of rapid change This collection of articles includes "What Makes a Leader?," by Daniel Goleman; "What Makes an Effective Executive," by Peter F. Drucker; "What Leaders Really Do," by John P. Kotter; "Level 5 Leadership: The Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve," by Jim Collins; "The Work of Leadership," by Ronald A. Heifetz and Donald L. Laurie; "Teamwork on the Fly," by Amy C. Edmondson; "Who Has the D? How Clear Decision Roles Enhance Organizational Performance," by Paul Rogers and Marcia Blenko; "In Praise of the Incomplete Leader," by Deborah Ancona, Thomas W. Malone, Wanda J. Orlikowski, and Peter M. Senge; "Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System," by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton; "Health Care's Service Fanatics," by James I. Merlino and Ananth Raman; and "Engaging Doctors in the Health Care Revolution," by Thomas H. Lee and Toby Cosgrove.

Modern wireless communications hardware is underpinned by RF and microwave design techniques. This insightful book contains a wealth of circuit layouts, design tips, and practical measurement techniques for building and testing practical gigahertz systems. The book covers everything you need to know to design, build, and test a high-frequency circuit. Microstrip components are discussed, including tricks for extracting good performance from cheap materials. Connectors and cables are also described, as are discrete passive components, antennas, low-noise amplifiers, oscillators, and frequency synthesizers. Practical measurement techniques are presented in detail, including the use of network analyzers, sampling oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers, and noise figure meters. Throughout the focus is practical, and many worked examples and design projects are included. There is also a CD-ROM that contains a variety of design and analysis programs. The book is packed with indispensable information for students taking courses on RF or microwave circuits and for practising engineers.

This book, first published in 2004, is an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits. A new chapter on the principles of wireless systems provides a bridge between system and circuit issues. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs, including a GPS receiver and a wireless LAN transceiver, that bring together the theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. Every section has been revised and updated with findings in the field and the book is packed with physical insights and design tips, and includes a historical overview that sets the whole field in context. With hundreds of circuit diagrams and homework problems this is an ideal textbook for students taking courses on RF design and a valuable reference for practising engineers.

Help your team excel. Go from being a good practitioner to being an extraordinary leader of healthcare professionals. If you read nothing else on leadership, read these articles. We've combed through hundreds of Harvard Business Review articles and selected the most important ones for healthcare leaders to help you and your team excel, maximize performance, and live into your mission. Leading experts, such as Thomas H. Lee, Daniel Goleman, Peter F. Drucker, John P. Kotter, and Amy C. Edmondson, provide the insights and advice you need to: Understand the difference between managers and leaders Motivate others to excel Create successful cross-functional teams on the fly Maintain your identity and values as a clinician as you move into an organizational leadership role Have an impact not only on your organization but on the surrounding system Work in complex environments where authority is diffuse Lead effectively in times of rapid change This collection of articles includes What Makes a Leader?, by Daniel Goleman; What Makes an Effective Executive, by Peter F. Drucker; What Leaders Really Do, by John P. Kotter; Level 5 Leadership: The Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve, by Jim Collins; The Work of Leadership, by Ronald A. Heifetz and Donald L. Laurie; Teamwork on the Fly, by Amy C. Edmondson; Who Has the D? How Clear Decision Roles Enhance Organizational Performance, by Paul Rogers and Marcia Blenko; In Praise of the Incomplete Leader, by Deborah Ancona, Thomas W. Malone, Wanda J. Orlikowski, and Peter M. Senge; Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System, by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton; Health Care's Service Fanatics, by James I. Merlino and Ananth Raman; and Engaging Doctors in the Health Care Revolution, by Thomas H. Lee and Toby Cosgrove.

Since the 1950s, the death rate from heart attacks has plunged from 35 percent to about 5 percent--and fatalistic attitudes toward this disease and many others have faded into history. Much of the improved survival and change in attitudes can be traced to the work of Eugene Braunwald, MD. In the 1960s, he proved that myocardial infarction was not a "bolt from the blue" but a dynamic process that plays out over hours and thus could be altered by treatment. By redirecting cardiology from passive, risk-averse observation to active intervention, he helped transform not just his own field but the culture of American medicine. Braunwald's personal story demonstrates how the forces of history affected the generation of researchers responsible for so many medical advances in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1938 Nazi occupiers forced his family to flee Vienna for Brooklyn. Because of Jewish quotas in medical schools, he was the last person admitted to his class, but went on to graduate number one. When the Doctor Draft threatened to interrupt his medical training during the Korean War, he joined the National Institutes of Health instead of the Navy, and there he began the research that made him the most influential cardiologist of his time. In Eugene Braunwald and the Rise of Modern Medicine, Thomas H. Lee offers insights that only authoritative firsthand interviews can provide, to bring us closer to this iconic figure in modern medicine.

When the phantom patriots realized that their quiet revolution had fallen short of cleaning up the government, they agreed to launch another more aggressive campaign to do so. The challenge was daunting, however, because to succeed they would have to overcome two obstacles. The first was that rich and powerful ultra conservatives had successfully used their wealth to corrupt congress and were using that leverage to sabotage governmental functions. Their ultimate objective was to have the government fail, freeing them of any regulations that would interfere with their effort to become wealthier. The second obstacle the patriots faced was the fact that this reality was being covered up by a news media predominately owned and/or operated by conservatives. Given these obstacles, the task of sufficiently informing a generally ignorant voting public of all this seemed rather daunting. But they came up with a plan, a prescription if you will, for getting the job done.

Using all the CIA's technical and financial resources available to them, they enlist Sidney Thurston, an investigative reporter they have in deep cover, write a compelling and informative novel that exposes both the corrupted and the corruptors. The novel becomes a bestseller, but since most voters seldom read, the patriots work to get the novel converted to a screen play for a movie that would be shown nationwide. But it was a significant challenge that required an extraordinary effort on their part.

When the phantom patriots realized that their quiet revolution had fallen short of cleaning up the government, they agreed to launch another more aggressive campaign to do so. The challenge was daunting, however, because to succeed they would have to overcome two obstacles. The first was that rich and powerful ultra conservatives had successfully used their wealth to corrupt congress and were using that leverage to sabotage governmental functions. Their ultimate objective was to have the government fail, freeing them of any regulations that would interfere with their effort to become wealthier. The second obstacle the patriots faced was the fact that this reality was being covered up by a news media predominately owned and/or operated by conservatives. Given these obstacles, the task of sufficiently informing a generally ignorant voting public of all this seemed rather daunting. But they came up with a plan, a prescription if you will, for getting the job done.

Using all the CIA's technical and financial resources available to them, they enlist Sidney Thurston, an investigative reporter they have in deep cover, write a compelling and informative novel that exposes both the corrupted and the corruptors. The novel becomes a bestseller, but since most voters seldom read, the patriots work to get the novel converted to a screen play for a movie that would be shown nationwide. But it was a significant challenge that required an extraordinary effort on their part.

On the thirtieth anniversary of the fall of Saigon, five Vietnam veterans gather for a reunion. While reminiscing about the dangerous final days of the nation's longest and most costly war, the five agree on one point. Once again, the nation has plunged into an unwarranted conflict in the Middle East-and for the same greedy reasons. Now, the veterans just need to figure out a way to stop it. Still bitter over the needless human casualties and loss of wealth in Southeast Asia, the five former covert operatives rename themselves the "phantom patriots" and begin formulating a strategy to eradicate government corruption and punish the wealthy oil executives responsible for causing it. As they embark on a quiet revolution to prevent the nation from certain demise, the five decide their enemies are political terrorists whose primary weapon is fear. The phantom patriots have but one goal-to take down the prominent corruptors and send a message to others that their days of unrestrained wealth and control are numbered. But the phantom patriots are about to discover that more than one powerful person wants them dead. In this contemporary thriller, only time will tell whether good intentions will triumph over evil plans.

In July 1974, Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Terry Lawson accepts an assignment in Thailand to fill a career development objective and recover from five grueling years of developing sophisticated computer systems for the Air Force. He also wishes to get over a failed marriage and renew his love affair with the C-130, the aircraft he flew in combat in Vietnam. But most importantly, he wants to relax, enjoy himself, and become immersed in the Thai culture.
Lawson is well along in satisfying these objectives when he is asked to fly to Saigon to assist the United States Embassy's Defense Attache Office in fixing problems with their intelligence systems. In a matter of days, he finds himself drawn into the dark world of CIA operations by a cultured and attractive French-speaking Vietnamese woman, Lan Le Ninh. Finding both her and the nature of the work compelling, Lawson voluntarily abandons his life of leisure in Thailand.
From this point on, it's a race to correct the aberrant systems before the North Vietnamese communists launch their long-feared final offensive. In the process, Lawson learns a great deal about America's long-running secret war in Southeast Asia-and how many Americans died anonymously in carrying it out.

In July 1974, Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Terry Lawson accepts an assignment in Thailand to fill a career development objective and recover from five grueling years of developing sophisticated computer systems for the Air Force. He also wishes to get over a failed marriage and renew his love affair with the C-130, the aircraft he flew in combat in Vietnam. But most importantly, he wants to relax, enjoy himself, and become immersed in the Thai culture. Lawson is well along in satisfying these objectives when he is asked to fly to Saigon to assist the United States Embassy's Defense Attache Office in fixing problems with their intelligence systems. In a matter of days, he finds himself drawn into the dark world of spook operations by a cultured and attractive French-speaking Vietnamese woman, Lan Le Ninh. Finding both her and the nature of the work compelling, Lawson voluntarily abandons his life of leisure in Thailand. From this point on, it's a race to correct the aberrant systems before the North Vietnamese communists launch their long-feared final offensive. In the process, Lawson learns a great deal about America's long-running secret war in Southeast Asia-and how many anonymous Americans died in carrying it out.